Applications of Carbon Dioxide in Cellular Microenvironment Regulation

Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is a vital gaseous component in cell culture and tissue engineering, primarily used to regulate pH levels and gas tension within the culture environment. Maintaining an appropriate CO2 concentration (typically 5%) is crucial for stabilizing the pH of extracellular fluids, which promotes normal cell growth and differentiation. Recent studies have explored the role of CO2 microenvironments in regulating stem cell fate, suggesting potential influences on cellular metabolism and epigenetic mechanisms. Furthermore, CO2 laser technology and localized injection techniques have been applied to enhance local circulation and accelerate wound healing, demonstrating the diverse potential of CO2 in regenerative medicine.