Exploration of Chlorine and Low-Dose Oxidative Stress Regulation

Due to its strong oxidizing properties, Chlorine (Cl2) is traditionally categorized as a cytotoxin. However, emerging research is focusing on the potential role of ultra-low-dose chlorides in cellular signaling. Moderate oxidative stress may prompt cells into a defensive state, thereby enhancing their regenerative capacity. Furthermore, chloride ions play a pivotal role in maintaining membrane potential and fluid balance, exerting a regulatory effect on the stem cell microenvironment. Although chlorine gas itself is challenging to apply directly in regenerative medicine, studies on its derivatives and chlorine channels are gradually revealing its indirect contributions to the cellular repair process.